Staple Grains to Sugarcanes: Grasslands that are Cultivated 

Adding support to the paddy crop post a heavy rain at the Hyderabad Farming Collective.

When you think of grass, your mind may automatically wander to the scenic imagery of the savannas, or the feeling of calm when walking barefoot in a park. But did you know that the food we eat on a daily basis comes from the same grasses too? Grasslands have a range we simply can’t fathom. Some exist to drive an ecosystem to maturity (like those that drive ecological succession), some provide a home for forest creatures both big and small and some are a nutritious source of food for many animals, including humans.

Below are some widely cultivated crops that are basically grasslands!

1. Rice

Rice is a staple crop cultivated worldwide, primarily in Asia, and is a fundamental component of global food security. It refers to the grains of the grass species Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima, which are cultivated in flooded fields called paddy fields. Rice is a vital source of nutrition and calories for a significant portion of the world’s population, particularly in Asian countries. It is consumed in various forms such as boiled rice, rice flour, rice noodles, and rice bran oil. Rice serves as a dietary staple and is a versatile ingredient in a wide range of dishes. Its high carbohydrate content, along with essential vitamins and minerals, makes it an important food source, providing energy and sustenance to millions of people globally.

2. Wheat

Wheat is a major cereal crop cultivated globally and plays a crucial role in the human diet. It refers to the grains of several species of the Triticum genus, with the most common being Triticum aestivum. Wheat is a cool-season crop that thrives in temperate regions. It is widely used for its versatile applications in food production, such as making flour for bread, pasta, pastries, and other baked goods. Wheat consumption is widespread worldwide, with bread being a dietary staple in many cultures. It is a significant source of dietary fiber, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The adaptability of wheat to various climates and its high yield potential make it a vital crop, ensuring food security and providing nourishment to populations around the globe.

3. Corn

Corn, also known as maize, is a widely cultivated cereal crop with significant global consumption. It belongs to the Zea mays species and is characterized by its distinctive kernels arranged in rows on a cob. Corn is a versatile crop used for various purposes. Its consumption is widespread worldwide, both as a staple food and as a raw material in industries. Corn is a vital component in human diets, serving as a source of carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and essential nutrients. It is consumed in diverse forms, including whole kernels, cornmeal, corn flour, and cornstarch. Additionally, corn is used extensively in animal feed production, ethanol production, food processing, and as a raw material for numerous industrial products such as biofuels, sweeteners, and bioplastics. The broad range of uses and its widespread cultivation make corn a crucial crop with a significant impact on global food and industrial systems.

4. Millet

Millet is a group of small-seeded grasses cultivated as a food crop worldwide. Various species of millet are grown, including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum). Millet is particularly important in regions with semi-arid and arid climates, where it thrives in harsh conditions with minimal water requirements. It is a staple crop in many parts of Africa and Asia, providing a source of carbohydrates, proteins, and essential nutrients. Millet grains can be ground into flour, used as whole grains in porridges, cooked as a side dish, or used in the production of baked goods. Millet consumption is diverse and varies across cultures, where it is utilized in traditional dishes and modern food products. With its nutritional value, adaptability to challenging environments, and gluten-free nature, millet plays a vital role in global food security and the diets of millions of people worldwide.

5. Oats

Oats are a cereal crop cultivated globally and are widely consumed worldwide. They are derived from the Avena sativa plant species and are known for their nutritious and versatile nature. Oats are primarily grown as a grain crop, with the harvested grains used in various forms. They are commonly processed into rolled oats or oatmeal, which are widely consumed as a popular breakfast cereal. Oats can also be ground into flour and used in baking, or included in granola bars, cookies, and other baked goods. Oats are valued for their high fibre content, providing dietary fibre that aids in digestion and contributes to overall health. They are also a good source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Oats are favoured for their heart-healthy properties and are recognized as a beneficial addition to a balanced diet. The consumption of oats continues to increase due to their nutritional benefits and culinary versatility.

6. Sorghum

Sorghum is a versatile crop cultivated worldwide and is known for its various uses and consumption. It belongs to the Sorghum bicolour species and is grown for both human and animal consumption. Sorghum is a resilient crop that can tolerate drought, making it well-suited for arid and semi-arid regions. It is used for different purposes such as grain production, fodder for livestock, and industrial applications. In terms of human consumption, sorghum grains can be ground into flour and used in the production of porridges, flatbreads, and other food products. It is also processed into various forms, including whole grains, popped sorghum, and sorghum syrup. In addition to direct consumption, sorghum is used as animal feed due to its high nutritional value. Furthermore, sorghum has industrial applications such as ethanol production, biofuels, and the manufacturing of biodegradable packaging. Its diverse uses, nutritional benefits, and adaptability contribute to its consumption and cultivation worldwide.

7. Sugarcane

Sugarcane is a tall perennial grass of the Saccharum officinarum species, widely cultivated for its sweet juice and high sugar content. It is a globally important crop and a primary source of sugar production. Sugarcane is primarily grown in tropical and subtropical regions due to its preference for warm temperatures and abundant rainfall. The crop is harvested by cutting the mature canes, which are then processed to extract the juice. This juice is then used to produce various forms of sugar, including granulated sugar, brown sugar, and molasses. Apart from its use in sweetening food and beverages, sugarcane also serves as a feedstock for ethanol production, a renewable biofuel. Sugarcane consumption is widespread worldwide, with sugar being a common ingredient in a wide array of food and beverage products. It provides sweetness, flavour, and texture to a diverse range of culinary creations. The global demand for sugar and its derivatives ensures the continued cultivation and consumption of sugarcane on a significant scale.

8. Bamboo

Bamboo is a versatile crop that belongs to the Bambusoideae subfamily of grasses and is widely cultivated worldwide. It is recognized for its rapid growth, strength, and diverse applications. Bamboo is consumed in several forms across different cultures. As a food source, young bamboo shoots are harvested and used in various culinary preparations. These shoots are nutritious, tender, and commonly featured in stir-fries, salads, and soups. Additionally, bamboo leaves are sometimes used for wrapping food or imparting flavour during cooking. Beyond its consumption as food, bamboo has extensive industrial applications. Its sturdy and flexible nature makes it suitable for construction, furniture production, flooring, and paper manufacturing. Bamboo fibre is also utilized in textiles, while bamboo charcoal is used for purification and skincare products. The global consumption of bamboo highlights its importance as a sustainable and renewable resource, contributing to both livelihoods and environmental conservation.

9. Lemongrass

Lemongrass is a perennial grass belonging to the Cymbopogon genus, primarily known for its distinct lemon-like fragrance and flavour. It is cultivated and consumed worldwide for culinary and medicinal purposes. Lemongrass is highly valued for its aromatic and citrusy qualities, which enhance the flavour of various dishes, teas, and beverages. The tender lower portion of the stalks, often referred to as the bulb or base, is commonly used in cooking, while the leaves are used for making refreshing herbal teas and infusions. Lemongrass is a key ingredient in many Asian cuisines, including Thai, Vietnamese, and Indonesian dishes. Besides its culinary applications, lemongrass is also recognized for its potential health benefits. It is often used in traditional medicine for its calming properties and as a natural remedy for digestive issues, inflammation, and anxiety. Lemongrass consumption worldwide reflects its versatility, unique flavour profile, and potential health benefits.

10. Barley

Barley is an ancient cereal grain cultivated worldwide for its versatile applications. It belongs to the Hordeum genus and is known for its hardy nature and adaptability to various climates. Barley has been consumed by humans for thousands of years and continues to be a significant crop globally. It is primarily used for brewing beer and making malt, playing a crucial role in the brewing industry. Barley grains can also be cooked and used in soups, stews, salads, and as a whole grain ingredient in various dishes. Additionally, barley is used as animal feed for livestock. In terms of nutrition, barley is a good source of dietary fibre, vitamins, and minerals. It is recognized for its potential health benefits, including promoting digestive health and providing sustained energy. The consumption of barley varies across cultures, reflecting its culinary versatility and nutritional value.

Both edible and inedible grasslands are essential for the sustainability of a landscape and we have been learning to grow and manage these ecosystems at our Hyderabad and Coorg Collectives so far. We are growing rice and millets for food security as well as perennial grasses like lemongrass to drive the growth of a food forest; enjoying the natural returns from seasonal grasslands post the monsoon as well as from the evergreen the Shola Grasslands of the Western Ghats. Over the last few years on our journey of building forest-friendly collectives, we have come to realise the importance of these grasslands on a deeper level and grown extremely fond of them too!